Sam has been working in professional sport for 10+ years, having started working with taekwondo and snow sport athletes. Sam has spent time working in the English Institute of sport as well as with Professional and World Tour cycling teams, where he currently holds a role as sports scientist at Team BikeExchange. Sam completed his PhD at Liverpool John Moores University and has undertaken post-doctoral research at the University of Birmingham (UK) and Edith Cowen University (Australia). His research has focused on glycogen metabolism, the adaptations induced by periodisation of nutrition, and how exogenous carbohydrates can aid performance. Sam currently holds an adjunct lecture position at Edith Cowen University in addition to his role at BikeExchange